Greenwich
Mean Time (GMT) was introduced in the fifteenth century to assist in the
increasing exploration of the 'New World'. Greenwich was selected as the home
for the Royal Observatory, its aim was to improve navigation at sea. By
establishing an accurate time it became possible to discover the exact position
of the ship. However GMT was not adopted by the British Parliament as the
national time system until 1880. Four years later it became universally accepted
at the International Meridian conference, a step which saw the creation of the
International Date Line and 24 time zones.
Coordinated
Universal Time (UTC) is almost identical to GMT. However whereas GMT is based on
the rotation of the earth, UTC is derived from the comparison of a number of
atomic time scales from laboratories around the world. The definition of a
second was also originally based on the earth's rotation, but in 1967 began to
use atomic time. A second is currently defined as "the duration of
9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between
the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium-133 atom". UTC
officially replaced GMT as the world standard time in 1986.
The
time measurement obtained through reference to the earth's rotation still has
relevance and is of particular importance in some fields of navigation. Rather
than GMT it is referred to as UT1. The rate of rotation has slowed in recent
years and in order to ensure that the gap between UTC and UT1 remains at less
than 0.9 seconds, the leap second was introduced.
All
clocks from Universal Time come equipped with precision Master Clocks that are regulated
by the UTC Time Code, guaranteeing absolute accuracy and reliability.